Subject এবং Object পরিবর্তনের
নিয়মঃ
(A) Reported
speech-এর Subjectটি যাদি I হয় তাহলে সেটি Reporting verb-এর Subject-কে নির্দেশ করবে।
(B) Reported
speech-এর Subjectটি যাদি You হয় তাহলে সেটি Reporting verb-এর Object-কে নির্দেশ করবে।
(c) Reported
speech-এর Objectটি যাদি me হয় তাহলে সেটি Reporting verb-এর Subject-কে নির্দেশ করবে।
(D) Reported
speech-এর Objectটি যাদি You হয় তাহলে সেটি Reporting verb-এর Object-কে নির্দেশ করবে।
(নির্দেশ করবে মানে একই ব্যক্তি হবে)
যেমনঃ
Direct: Lucy said to me, “I know you.”
Indirect: Lucy told me that she
knew me.
– এখানে She শব্দটি Lucy-কে নির্দেশ করেছে এবং Object-এ থাকা
You শব্দটি me-কে নির্দেশ করেছে।
Direct: Sima said to me, “You follow
me.”
Indirect: Sima told me that I
followed her.
-এখানে Direct Narration-এ Reported speech-এর Subject You
শব্দটি Reporting verb-এর me-কে নির্দেশ করেছে তাই Indirect Narration-এ You শব্দটি
I–এ রূপান্তরিত হয়েছে। অন্য দিকে Direct Narration-এ Reported Speech-এর Object me
শব্দটি Sima-কে নির্দেশ করেছে। তাই me শব্দটি her-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়েছে।
এক নজরে নিচের ছকটি দেখা যাকঃ
Assertive Sentence |
|
Direct Narration–এ থাকলে |
Indirect Narration-এ হবে |
,
(Comma) “......”
(Inverted Comma) |
that |
say/says |
say/says
|
say
to / says to |
tell/tells |
said |
said
|
said
to |
told |
1. যদি
Direct Narration-এ Reporting Verb-টি said বা said to হয় তাহলে তার Indirect
Narration করতে হলে Reported speech-এর Verb যেভাবে পরিবর্তিত হবে তার একটি তালিকা
দেওয়া হলঃ
Direct Narration |
Indirect
Narration |
am
|
was |
are |
were
/ was |
is |
was
|
was |
had |
were |
had |
have |
had |
has |
had |
had |
had |
was
/ were (verb+ing) |
had
been (verb+ing) |
present
verb |
past
verb |
past
verb |
had
past participle verb |
shall |
should
/ would |
will |
would
/ should |
can |
could |
may |
might |
2. যদি Direct Narration-এ Reporting Verb-টি said বা
said to হয় তাহলে তার Indirect Narration করতে হলে Reported speech-এর সময় যেভাবে পরিবর্তিত
হবে তার একটি তালিকা দেওয়া হলঃ
Direct
Narration-এ থাকলে |
Indirect
Narration-এ হবে |
now |
then |
ago |
before |
today |
that
day |
tonight |
that
night |
tomorrow |
the
next day |
yesterday |
the
previous day |
last
night |
the
previous night |
here |
there |
hence |
thence
|
this
|
that
|
these
|
those
|
thus |
that
way / so |
come |
go
/ went |
যদি Direct Narration-এ Reporting Verb-টি said বা said to হয় তাহলে তার Indirect Narration করতে হলে Reported Speech-এর verbটি Present Form-এ থাকলেও তার Indirect Narration করতে হলে সেই Verbটিকে অবশ্যই Past Form-এ পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
বিঃদ্রঃ যারা Tense যানে তাদের দিকেও লক্ষ্য রেখে কিছু Narration Change পরস্পর সাজানো হল আর যারা Tense জানে না তাদেরকে বলা হচ্ছে যে উপরের নিয়মগুলি ভালভাবে রপ্ত করলে অবশ্যই নিচের বুঝতে পারবে।
Present Indefinite Tense
Direct: He said to me, “I walk to school.”
Indirect: He told me that he walked to school.
Direct: She said to him, “I read books.”
Indirect: She told him that she read books.
Direct: They said to us, “We work hard with you.”
Indirect: They told us that they worked hard with us.
Direct: John said to her, I give you a book.
Indirect: John told her that he gave her a book.
Direct: She said to me, “I drink coffee every morning.”
Indirect: She told me that she drank coffee every morning.
Direct: He said to them, “I write you a letter.”
Indirect: He told them that he wrote letters.
Direct: She said to her mother, “I clean the house.”
Indirect: She told her mother that she cleaned the house.
Direct: He said to me, “you call me.”
Indirect: He told me that I called him.
Direct: She said to the students, “I study for exams.”
Indirect: She told the students that she studied for exams.
Direct: They said to us, “We have a dream in your sky.”
Indirect: They told us that they had a dream in our sky.
Direct: He said to her, “You are my enemy.”
Indirect: He told her that she was his enemy.
Direct: She said to us, “You have a beautiful house.”
Indirect: She told me that we had a beautiful house.
Direct: He said to them, “You take my books.”
Indirect: He told them that they took his books.