Voice Change
বাচ্য পরিবর্তন
বাক্যের মানে বা অর্থ একই রকম
রেখে Verb-কে বিভিন্ন অবস্থায় পরিবর্তন ঘটানোকে Voice Change বলে।
Voice-কে
তিন ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়।
1. Active
Voice,
2. Passive
Voice,
3. Quasi-Passive
Voice.
1. Active Voice: যখন কোন Sentence-এ Verb-এর ঠিক আগে Subject-কে বসিয়ে এবং ওই
Verb-এর পরে Object-কে বসিয়ে Subject-এর কাজটি পরিষ্কার করে বোঝানো হয় তখন তাকে
Active Voice হয়।
অথবা
Subject যখন সরাসরি নিজেই কোন কাজ করে তখন
তাকে Active Voice বলে।
যেমনঃ I love my mother. – এখানে Subject ‘I’ Subject-টি ‘love’
Verb-এর ঠিক আগে বসেছে এবং তার পরে ‘my mother’
object-টি বসেছে। এখানে Subject-টি মুখ্য ভূমিকা পালন করছে। সেই কারণে I love my mother.-এই Sentece-টিকে Active Voice বলা হচ্ছে।
2. Passive Voice: যখন Subject-এর যায়গায় Object-কে বসিয়ে
কোন Sentence বলা বা লেখা হয় তখন তাকে Passive Voice বলা হয়।
যেমনঃ
My mother is loved by me. – এখানে Subject-এর যায়গায় Object বসেছে
এবং Subject-এর তুলনায় Object-এর গুরুত্ব বেশি পেয়েছে।
2.
Quasi-Passive Voice: যে Voice গঠনরীতিতে Active কিন্তু অর্থ বা মানের দিক থেকে
Passive তাকে Quasi-Passive Voice বলে।
যেমনঃ
Active: মধু খেতে মিষ্টি – Honey tastes sweet.
Passive: মধু মিষ্টি যখন এর স্বাদ নেওয়া হয় - Honey is sweet when it is tasted. Active: পাকা আপেল খেতে মিষ্টি – Ripe apple tastes sweet.
Passive: পাকা আপেল মিষ্টি যখন এর স্বাদ গ্রহণ করা হয় - Ripe apple is sweet when it is tasted.
Active: সংকলনটি পড়তে ভাল – The composition sound well.
Passive- সংকলনটি ভাল লাগে যখন এটি পড়া হয় - The composition sounds well when it is read.
Tense ছাড়া Voice Change-এর নিয়ম
Assertive Sentence - বর্ণনামূলক বাক্য
Assertive Sentence-এ Active থেকে Passive করার
নিয়ম:
v Active Voice-এর Subject-টি Passive Voice-এ Object হবে।
যেমনঃ
|
Active-এ Subject |
Passive-এ Object |
|
I থাকলে |
me হবে |
|
We থাকলে |
us হবে |
|
You থাকলে |
you হবে |
|
He থাকলে |
him হবে |
|
She থাকলে |
her হবে |
|
They থাকলে |
them হবে |
|
Active-এ Object |
Passive-এ Subject |
|
me থাকলে |
I হবে |
|
Us
থাকলে
|
We হবে
|
|
you থাকলে |
You হবে |
|
him
থাকলে |
He হবে |
|
her থাকলে |
She হবে |
|
them
থাকলে |
They হবে |
v 💢 কিন্তু Noun বা নামের
জায়গা জায়গা বদল হলেও নামের কোন পরিবর্তন ঘটবে না।
1. 2. Active Voice-এর Subject-টি যখন Passive Voice-এ Object হবে
তখন তার আগে ‘by’ word-টি বসবে।
3. Active থেকে Passive করতে গেলে সবসময় মূল Verb-এর Past Participle Form হবে। যেমনঃ write থাকলে written হবে, wrote থাকলে written হবে, written থাকলেও written হবে।
4. যদি মূল Verb-টি Present অবস্থায় থাকে তাহলে Subject-এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী Subject-এর পরেই am/is/are বসবে।
Formula/গঠন রীতি:
Active Voice: Subject +
present verb + object.
Passive Voice: Object +
am/is/are + past participle verb + by + Subject.
যেমনঃ
Active: I love
you.
Passive: You
are loved by me.
Active: Rajani
sings song.
Passive: Song
is sung by Rajani.
Active: We eat
rice.
Passive: Rice
is eaten by us.
Active: She
guides me.
Passive: I am
guided by her.
Active: I like
them.
Passive: They are
liked by me.
Active: We play
football.
Passive:
Football is played by us.
Active: She
looks at the moon.
Passive: The
moon is looked at by her.
Active: I call
him every day.
Passive: He is
called every day by me.
5. যদি Active Voice-এ main verb-এর সঙ্গে ‘ing’ যুক্ত থাকে তাহলে তার Passive Voice করতে হলে main verb থেকে ‘ing’ সরিয়ে নিয়ে main verb-এর আগে be বসাতে হবে এবং তার সঙ্গে ‘ing’ যোগ করতে হবে। মনে রাখতে হবে এখানেও helping verb-গুলো Subject-এর Number ও Person অনুযায়ী বসবে। এখানেও main verb-টি Past Participle form-এ হবে।
Formula/গঠন রীতি:
Active: Subject + am/is/are/was/were + Past Participle Verb + object.
Passive: Object + am/is/are/was/were + (be + ing) + Past Participle Verb + by + Subject.
যেমনঃ
Active: I am
writing a story.
Passive: A
story is being written by me.
Active: Rekha
is calling me.
Passive: I am
being called by Rekha.
Active: Sima is
meeting me.
Passive: I am
being met by Sima.
Active: We are
reading novels.
Passive: Novels
are being read by us.
Active: The boy
is flying a kite.
Passive: A kite
is being flown by the boy.
Active: They
are drawing pictures.
Passive:
Pictures are being drawn by them.
Active: Sonali
is changing society.
Passive:
Society is being changed by Sonali.
Active: Laboni
is seeing a picture.
Passive: A
picture is being seen by Laboni.
Active: I was
drawing a flower.
Passive: A
flower was being drawn by me.
Active: Sujata
was remembering us.
Passive: We
were being remembered by Sujata.
Formula/গঠন রীতি:
Active: Subject + have /
has / had + Past Participle Verb + object.
Passive: Object + have + has + had + been + Past Participle
Verb + by + Subject.
যেমনঃ
Active: I have
borrowed money.
Passive: Money
has been borrowed by me.
Active: She had
followed me.
Passive: I had
been followed by her.
Active: He has
thanked me.
Passive: I have
been thanked by him.
Active: Teacher
has advised me.
Passive: I have
been advised by teacher.
Active: We have
changed our society.
Passive: Our
society has been changed by us.
Active: They
had called you.
Passive: You
had been called by them.
Active: I had
seen you.
Passive: You
had been seen by me.
Active: Sheela
had brought a glass of water.
Passive: A
glass of water had been brought by Sheela.
Active: Lucy
had dreamt a good dream.
Passive: A good
dream had been dreamt by Lucy.
Formula/গঠন রীতি:
Active: Subject + shall / will + verb + object.
Passive: Object + shall / will + be + Past Participle Verb + by + Subject.
যেমনঃ
Active: I shall
remember you.
Passive: You
will be remembered by me.
Active: Sujata
will help us.
Passive: We
shall be helped by Sujata.
Active: I shall
send you a letter.
Passive: You
will be sent letter by me.
Active: The sun
will shine to us.
Passive: We
shall be shone by the sun.
Active: Sujata
will follow me.
Passive: I
shall be followed by Sujata.
Active: They
will build a beautiful house.
Passive: A
beautiful house will be built by them.
Active: We
shall forget you.
Passive: You
will be forgotten by us.
Formula/গঠন রীতি:
Active: Subject + can/could/may/might/should/would/must + verb +
object.
Passive: Subject + can/could/may/might/should/would/must + be +
Past Participle Verb + by + Subject.
যেমনঃ
Active: I can
write a poem.
Passive: A poem
can be written by me.
Active: Sunil
could read the book.
Passive: The
book could be read by Sunil.
Active: I may
call you.
Passive: You
may be called by me.
Active: She may
write the story.
Passive: The story may be written by her.